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July 26, 2025

P‑Alphabet Countries: A Global Snapshot

K
Kalpana SharmaCurrent Affairs Editor & Content Lead

Key Highlights

  • Countries whose names begin with the letter ‘P’ span six continents.
  • They exhibit a wide spectrum of climates, cultures and economic structures.
  • From island federations to landlocked republics, each nation carries a distinct global identity.

Detailed Insights

Pakistan – The Islamic Republic located in South Asia, capital Islamabad, largest city Karachi; population exceeding 241 million; shares borders with India, Afghanistan, Iran, China and has coastlines on the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman.

Palau – An island kingdom in the western Pacific, part of Micronesia; comprises roughly 340 islands; capital Ngerulmud; economy driven by marine tourism and phosphate mining.

Panama – A Central‑American nation at the crossroads of North and South America; capital Panama City; borders Costa Rica, Colombia, the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean; population slightly over 4 million.

Papua New Guinea – An independent island state occupying the eastern half of New Guinea and adjacent islets; capital Port Moresby; shares land borders with Indonesia and sea borders with Australia and the Solomon Islands.

Paraguay – A landlocked country in the heart of South America; capital Asunción; governed as a presidential republic and founding member of Mercosur.

Peru – A western South‑American state famed for its diverse topography – Andes, Amazon, coastal plains; capital Lima; population around 32 million.

Philippines – A southeastern Asian archipelago of 7,641 islands divided into Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao; capital Manila; covers about 300,000 km² with a population over 110 million.

Poland – A Central European republic stretching from the Baltic Sea to the Carpathian and Sudeten mountains; capital Warsaw; shares borders with Germany, Czechia, Slovakia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania and Russia; population exceeding 38 million.

Portugal – A southwestern European nation on the Iberian Peninsula, coastal along the Atlantic; capital Lisbon; includes Azores and Madeira; shares a long border with Spain.

Key Concepts

  • Sovereign State – A self-governing political entity recognized internationally.
  • Capital City – The official seat of government in a country.
  • Landlocked – A state with no direct access to the ocean.
  • Island Nation – A country primarily composed of islands.
  • Population Density – The number of people living per unit area, indicating demographic concentration.

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